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St. Sebastian
Roman martyr; little more than the fact of his martyrdom can be proved about
St. Sebastian. In the Depositio martyrum
of the chronologer of 354 it is
mentioned that Sebastian was buried on the Via Appia. St. Ambrose (In Psalmum
cxviii
; Sermo
, XX, no. sliv in PL, XV, 1497) states that Sebastian came from
Milan and even in the time of St. Ambrose was venerated there. The Acts,
probably written at the beginning of the fifth century and formerly ascribed
erroneously to Ambrose, relate that he was an officer in the imperial bodyguard
and had secretly done many acts of love and charity for his brethren in the
Faith. When he was finally discovered to be a Christian, in 286, he was handed
over to the Mauretanian archers, who pierced him with arrows; he was healed,
however, by the widowed St. Irene. He was finally killed by the blows of a club.
These stories are unhistorical and not worthy of belief. The earliest mosaic
picture of St. Sebastian, which probably belongs to the year 682, shows a grown,
bearded man in court dress but contains no trace of an arrow. It was the art of
the Renaissance that first portrayed him as a youth pierced by arrows. In 367 a
basilica which was one of the seven chief churches of Rome was built over his
grave. The present church was completed in 1611 by Scipio Cardinal Borghese. His
relics in part were taken in the year 826 to St. Medard at Soissons. Sebastian
is considered a protector against the plague. Celebrated answers to prayer for
his protection against the plague are related of Rome in 680, Milan in 1575, and
Lisbon in 1599. His feast day is 20 January.
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