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St. Thomas of Hereford
(THOMAS DE CANTELUPE).
Born at Hambledon, Buckinghamshire, England, about 1218; died at Orvieto, Italy,
25 August, 1282. He was the son of William de Cantelupe and Millicent de Gournay,
and thus a member of an illustrious and influential family. He was educated
under the care of his uncle, Walter de Cantelupe, Bishop of Worcester, first at
Oxford then at Paris. During his studies he attended the Council of Lyons in
1245, when he became a papal chaplain. Returning to Oxford, he taught canon law,
and in 1262 was elected chancellor of the university. In the Barons' Wars he
took the popular side and stated the Barons' case before St. Louis at Amiens,
1263. After the defeat of Henry III at the battle of Lewes he was made
chancellor of England (22 February, 1265), gaining wide renown for his judicial
wisdom and fairness. Deprived of the chancellorshp on the death of Simon de
Montfort, he went into exile, lecturing at Paris on theology and Scripture
(1265-72). He then resumed teaching at Oxford till 1274 when he attended the
second Council of Lyons. He held several benefices which he administered most
zealously, appointing responsible vicars, visiting them regularly, and showing
himself a model pastor by his holiness and wide charity. In June, 1275, he was
appointed Bishop of Hereford, and was consecrated by his friend Cardinal
Kilwardby (8 September, 1275). As bishop he continued his apostolic life,
labouring incessantly for the good of his people, maintaining the privileges and
property of his diocese against Gilbert of Gloucester, Llewellyn, and others,
supporting Edward I in his struggle with Llewellyn, combating the unjust
practices of the Jews, and reforming the clergy, secular and regular. He came
into conflict with Archbishop Peckham on questions of jurisdiction, and at the
Council of Reading (July, 1279) led the resistance of the bishops to the policy
of Peckham. (For the articles embodying the points in dispute see Wilkins,
Concilia
, II, 75.) His personal differences with Peckham led first to his
withdrawal to Normandy that he might avoid an interdict and appeal to Rome, and
subsequently in 1282 to his actual excommunication by the archbishop. He then
went to Rome to plead his own cause before Pope Martin IV, who received him
kindly. But his failing health succumbed to the fatigue of the journey and the
summer heat. He was buried at Orvieto, but subsequently his relics were brought
back to Hereford, where many miracles were wrought by his intercession and his
shrine became second only to that of St. Thomas of Canterbury. He was canonized
by John XXII (17 April, 1320), and his festival, formerly observed on 2 October,
is now kept in England on 3 October.
STRANGE, Life and Gests of Thomas of Cantelupe (Ghent, 1674; London, 1879); BOLLANDISTS, Acta SS., I Oct. (based on the Processus Canonizationis (Vatican MS. 4015) also Bib. Hag. Lat. (1901); CAPGRAVE, Nova legenda Angliae (Oxford, 1901); SURIUS, De probatis sanctorum vitis (Turin, 1875-80); BUTLER, Lives of the Saints, Oct. 2; CHALLONER, Britannia sancta (London, 1745); TOUT in Dict. Nat. Biog., s.v. Cantelupe, Thomas de (giving list of the abundant medieval materials too numerous to be quoted here); HARDY, Descriptive Catalogue (for MSS. sources), I and III (London, 1862-71); Bibl. de l'ecole de chartes, IV (Paris, 1892).
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